Make music online: powerful, easy,
for everyone

In today’s music industry, social media plays a crucial role. The way artists and their work are promoted has drastically changed with the shift towards digital platforms. One of the most significant aspects of this shift is that labels no longer just sign new artists—they sign fanbases. This means that to catch the attention of A&R, it's not enough to be talented. You need to show that you’ve built a large, active audience. If your goal is to land a deal with a major label, you'll have to prove your marketability. While this approach adds more work for musicians early in their careers, it also gives them greater control over the terms of their deals, which is incredibly valuable in the long run. Whether you’re aiming for a label or choosing to stay independent, learning how to promote your music online has become a must-have skill for any artist serious about their career.

The Main Platforms to Promote Your Music

Spotify, Apple Music and other DSPs

Most of your listeners will enjoy your music through popular streaming platforms like Spotify and Apple Music, using playlists and saved tracks. That’s why it’s crucial to upload your songs to these services in a timely manner, either through a distributor like Distrokid or with the help of your team. It’s worth noting that Spotify allows artists to submit their tracks for editorial consideration before the official release date. While Apple Music doesn’t offer this feature, independent artists can still make it into editorial playlists by actively promoting their music and increasing its visibility. To maximize your chances of landing in playlists and reaching a wider audience, make sure your music is uploaded to these platforms at least a month before the release date.

Reddit

Reddit might not be the first platform that comes to mind when you think about promoting your music, but its topic-based structure makes it a great place to share your work and connect with other musicians. Sections like "Music Promotion" are a great starting point to get your tracks out there. You can also discover fans of similar artists in related subreddits, helping you attract new listeners to your music.

Discord

Discord offers a unique opportunity to create a space for your fans that's free from algorithms. Through this platform, you can communicate directly with your audience, building an engaged community of dedicated listeners. It allows you to share exclusive content and even host listening parties for your fans. This is a great way to connect with your most loyal followers and foster a deeper relationship with them.

Instagram

Instagram is a great platform for promoting your music and engaging with your audience. While the app has increasingly shifted its focus toward short videos, photos still remain an effective way to connect with your fans. Instagram Stories offer convenient features like adding links to your new tracks directly in your posts, making it easy for your listeners to stay updated on your latest releases.

YouTube

Believe it or not, YouTube is the most popular music streaming service, making it an essential tool for reaching new listeners. By uploading your music to the platform, you can help your fans dive deeper into your creative world through music videos. And these videos don’t need to be complicated or expensive—simple DIY videos can have a huge impact. At the very least, you can create a visualizer or lyric video for your most popular tracks. If you don’t have the time or the skills to make these videos yourself, there are plenty of paid services that can turn your music into quality lyric videos. The more often you promote your songs with videos, the better your chances are of attracting new fans, as it's one of the most effective ways to grow your audience.

SoundCloud

SoundCloud is a great platform for releasing tracks and testing songs before adding them to your official artist page. Use genre tags and engage with musicians in your niche to expand your network. The platform is also ideal for discovering new bands and artists who are at the forefront of emerging music trends. Plus, some listeners prefer to stream music exclusively on SoundCloud, so don’t miss the opportunity to promote your latest releases there as well.

Twitter

If you’ve got a knack for witty, concise remarks and prefer expressing yourself with words rather than images, Twitter is the place for you. You can keep your fans updated on upcoming releases, posting schedules, and actively engage with them. Plus, hashtags on Twitter still play a big role in boosting content visibility. Make sure to include convenient links to your website or other pages in your profile, so fans can easily find more information.

Facebook

While Facebook, now known as Meta, may seem less trendy compared to other social media platforms, it still holds value. You can use this platform to reach a new demographic and gain valuable insights that can help with ad targeting and better understanding your audience. Be sure to post all your tour dates on Facebook and invite your fans to attend. The platform’s intuitive interface makes it easy to track who’s planning to come to your events.

Music Blogs

In addition to streaming platforms and social media, music blogs can be a valuable tool for reaching new audiences and boosting your online visibility. Blog features can help solidify your reputation as an artist and provide you with more exposure. However, getting coverage in music blogs can be challenging. Indie artists often send direct emails to blogs, including links to their songs (ideally a month before release), press photos, a bio, and a statement about their artistic vision. Services like SubmitHub can also help streamline the submission process, though these playlist pitching platforms may come with additional costs. Keep in mind that many music blogs are more likely to feature you as your online presence grows. It’s a bit of a catch-22: the more fans and activity you have on social media, the higher your chances of getting noticed by blogs. That’s why your social media efforts are crucial for success on all fronts.

How to Successfully Promote Your Music: 7 Key Strategies

Choosing the right platforms to promote your music matters, but only if you’re actively using them. Remember, you’re the one who decides how to market your music online, and no one can do it better than you. Success in your music career requires dedicating enough time to the platforms and strategies you choose. Hard work is the only thing that will bring results.

Don’t let perfectionism hold you back

When preparing to release a track, it’s natural to aim for perfection. However, don’t let the pursuit of perfection slow down your progress. Many musicians are overly critical of their own work, which can prevent them from moving forward. While you shouldn’t release unfinished material, if your peers believe the track is ready and you’ve been tweaking it for months, it might be time to let it go. Releasing it will free up mental space for new ideas and allow you to continue growing as an artist.

Create a unique sound and polish it

While good marketing can help any music succeed, the most effective way to stand out in a crowded market is to have something unique in your music. The tracks you upload to platforms like Spotify should not only be high-quality but also memorable. Streaming services act as your resume as an artist, so it’s crucial that your music leaves a strong impression. Demo tracks can be useful for internal purposes or posted on your personal pages, but every release you share with the world should be something you’re truly proud of. Each song is a part of your artistic journey, and it should contribute something more than just being another track.

Consistency is key

In the highly competitive music industry, one of the hardest challenges isn’t just creating music but staying persistent and having the courage to keep going, even when you don’t see immediate results. Putting your work out there without instant feedback can be tough, but it’s essential to trust the process. Even the biggest artists once had no audience. It’s up to you to keep releasing quality music and actively posting content to capture attention. Creating songs is just the first step! The real work begins with marketing and consistently engaging with your audience to build a genuine connection with your fans.

Adapt to analytics

One of the biggest advantages of promoting your music online is that most platforms provide access to analytical data. This allows you to quickly assess how your audience responds to certain types of content and adjust your approach accordingly. Pay attention to how different promotional tactics yield different results, and use that data to refine your social media strategy. If a particular type of content performs better, focus on developing and replicating that success.

Don’t forget about offline promotion

While promoting your music online is crucial, don’t overlook the opportunities available in real life. Personal interactions and live performances remain powerful tools for growing your audience. Word of mouth is still one of the best ways to attract new fans. Whether it’s playing a gig with friends, joining jam sessions, or performing at open mics, there are plenty of ways to get noticed in your community. Make it a point to meet at least one new person every time you attend a music event and share details about your upcoming shows. Stay in touch with your online audience to turn virtual connections into lasting relationships. You never know where your next fan might come from, so always be open to new opportunities!

One is the loneliest number

The music industry, while highly competitive, is also full of collaboration opportunities. Success is closely tied to your ability to connect with like-minded people in the business and expand your network. Building relationships is one of the keys to success, and it can help you figure out the best steps to take on your creative journey. Thanks to digital technology, finding collaborators today is easier than ever, even if you’ve never met them in person. Use social media to engage with other creators and find ways to collaborate. Doing so will not only help you develop new skills and gain fresh perspectives on your work, but it will also attract new audiences, boosting your online presence. There’s no one right way to collaborate in music. You could work on an official remix, contribute to a track, or earn songwriting credits for your input. If you don’t want to commit to large projects, try using social media features like "duets" or "stitch." These tools make it easy to collaborate with other artists. Social media offers endless possibilities for creative partnerships, so don’t be afraid to experiment. The more you connect and collaborate with fellow artists, the better your chances of success and expanding your fan base.

9 Tips for Successfully Promoting Your Music on Social Media

Creating quality music is an important step, but to achieve real success, you need to effectively promote your work. Social media offers incredible opportunities for engaging with your audience and growing your fanbase. Here are 9 key tips to help you increase your social media presence:

1. Develop a Clear Strategy

Effective marketing doesn’t have to be complicated. To make the most of your efforts, it’s crucial to create a detailed marketing plan. With a clear strategy in place, you can focus your efforts on what truly works and achieve greater success in promoting your music.

2. Maintain Consistency in Your Brand

Your image across social media should be consistent. Decide on the theme or vibe you want to convey, and stick to it across all platforms. Keeping your branding uniform across your accounts makes it easier for your audience to find you. Ensure that your username and style are consistent on all platforms.

3. Choose the Right Platforms

Not every social media platform is right for every musician. Some may feel more at home on Instagram, while others find it easier to create content for TikTok. Stick to the platforms where you feel comfortable and can consistently maintain a presence. This will help you focus on achieving real goals without spreading your resources too thin.

4. Analyze Data and Adjust Accordingly

Use analytics tools to monitor your social media activity. This will help you understand what works best and adjust your actions accordingly. Tools like Soundcharts can help you track data across different platforms and give you a clear picture of how your audience is interacting with your content.

4. Maintain a Balanced Posting Frequency

We all have that one artist who posts so much in a single day that it becomes annoying, filling your feed with unnecessary content. Don’t be that person. Posting too often is one of the fastest ways to lose followers. To avoid this, make use of different features on social platforms. For example, on Instagram, if you’ve reached your limit for posts in your feed, switch to Stories to keep things flowing without overwhelming your audience. It’s also helpful to plan out how frequently you want to post in advance to keep your content schedule under control. Here are some general posting guidelines:

• Twitter: 1-4 times per day;
• Facebook: 4-7 times per week;
• Instagram: 1-2 times per week.

5. Engage with Your Fans

Social media is a great place to connect with your audience. One of the best ways to deepen that connection is by involving them in your creative process. For example, run a campaign where fans can submit their own artwork to be considered for the cover of your next album. Or, share a snippet of a new song and let them choose the title. Activities like this make your fans feel like part of the process, not just consumers.

6. Promote Your Content Smartly

If you have a new album or song coming out, break it down into multiple promotional posts. Build anticipation ahead of time and keep reminding your audience across all platforms. The key here is not to overdo it—find the sweet spot. Once you figure out the right promotional rhythm, it’s a great way to create excitement while keeping your fans engaged.

7. Plan Your Posts in Advance

When you have a lot of content to promote, it can be challenging to manage everything, especially when you're busy creating music and handling other tasks. Luckily, there are plenty of tools that can help automate your posts. This makes the process much easier and helps you stick to your schedule while you focus on your creative work. Each platform offers its own scheduling tools, but services like Sprout Social, Pagemodo, and Hootsuite can help you coordinate posts across multiple platforms at once.

8. Be Authentic

One of the greatest benefits of social media is the ability to engage with your fans in real time. To build genuine connections, it’s important to be as authentic as possible. Fans can sense when you’re not being real with them, and if they do, they’ll stop engaging. Use this as an opportunity to learn what types of content resonate best with your audience. Focus on what works and avoid wasting time on what doesn’t. The more personal and authentic your content is, the stronger the connection with your fans will be.

9. Sync Your Posts Across Platforms

If you’re announcing a new song on Instagram, make sure you're also promoting it across your other platforms. Consistency is key here because it helps you reach as many people as possible. Pro tip: if your new track features other artists, make sure to tag them in your posts. Once the content is shared across all your platforms, those artists will likely repost it, further extending your reach.

Conclusion about music promotion in social media

Building your presence on social media takes time and effort. Don’t get discouraged if things don’t take off right away. Stay consistent in your efforts, and it will pay off. Social media is a long game, and the only way to win is to be patient, optimize your approach, and keep going.

Plugins are additional software tools that are installed to expand the capabilities of a DAW or simplify a musician's work. The appearance of the VST format in 1999 changed the music world forever - the technology made it possible to transfer real instruments and effects to a virtual environment, and turned a computer into a powerful recording studio. In subsequent years, other formats of plugins for sound processing appeared on the market - AU, RTAS, ReFill and others, which somewhat complicated the entry into the world of music for beginner musicians. From this material, you will learn what plugin formats exist, how they differ and what programs support them. It is difficult to imagine the modern industry without plugins - special programs that connect to a DAW and imitate the work of real analog effects and musical instruments. Plugins made entry into the industry easier: to assemble a productive studio, you no longer need to spend money on vintage hardware, because any processing has become available directly on the computer. In the years since the VST format was introduced, the industry has seen several more plugin formats that do the same thing - emulate real instruments and hardware in a computer environment. But are there any real differences between the formats?

The Plugin War That Never Was

In 1996, Steinberg, known primarily for developing the DAW Cubase, introduced the VST format — Virtual Sound Technology. The announcement changed the music industry and the principles of creating music with a computer forever. The doors to the world of creativity opened for everyone: the technology transferred studio analog effects to the digital environment, thanks to which anyone could create a home studio with copies of real devices. Gradually, the computer began to play a more prominent role in the process of creating music. In fact, the machine was able to replace a huge fleet of professional equipment. In 1999, Steinberg introduced the second version of the format — VST2, and the sound revolution took a new turn. The new version made it possible to copy not only effects and processing, but also musical instruments. Thanks to the efforts of third-party developers, home musicians received virtual versions of real guitars, drum kits, synthesizers and other instruments at their disposal. Now the computer could replace not only hardware, but also real musicians. The popularity of VST could not go unnoticed by competitors who created their own plugin formats. Having assessed the prospects of the technology, Apple adapted VST to the macOS environment, thereby creating a new format - AU. Avid, then called Digidesign, also got involved, creating its own RTAS format, compatible with DAW Pro Tools. Microsoft did not lag behind, having invented DX - a plugin format based on the popular DirectX technology. In music circles, it is customary to separate formats from each other to avoid confusion. However, today the term "VST plugin" has become a household word - in colloquial speech it refers to any virtual instruments and effects, regardless of their actual format. The trouble is that the generalization raises many questions for beginners: it is not entirely clear which plugin formats for sound processing are supported by different DAWs, what is the difference between them, and which options should be preferred.

Main formats of plugins for audio processing

The popularity of VST has led to the emergence of several new plugin formats. However, there was no competition - VST remained the most popular format. From the end user's point of view, the formats are no different from each other. Apart from internal features and different names, all formats are an implementation of VST for a specific program. Today, there are three main formats in the music industry:

• VST;
• AU;
• AAX.

A number of products are available in the outdated or highly specialized RTAS, DXi, and ReFill formats. Also worth mentioning are the CLAP format, which promises to remove the limitations of VST, and NKI, which represents virtual instruments from a variety of audio files and is packaged in a patch for the Native Instruments Kontakt sampler.

VST

VST (virtual studio technology) is the most universal plugin format supported by all DAWs. There are also CLAP, AU and AAX formats, but in this article we will talk about VST, because they are most often used by music producers, sound designers and sound engineers. This is the most popular plugin format, working in Windows, macOS and Linux. Initially, the format was created to transfer analog audio effects (compressors, equalizers, reverbs) to the digital environment, but today the term "VST plugin" refers to any virtual instruments and effects. VST was developed jointly by Steinberg and Propellerhead (now Reason Studios), but after some time Propellerhead left the project to focus on its own Reason ReFill format. VST plugins directly depend on computer resources - these are native applications that connect to music programs. Plugins work in real time and process sound using computer resources (mainly the processor). In 1999, Steinberg introduced the updated VST2 format, which introduced the concept of VSTi (abbreviated English: Virtual Studio Technology instrument - virtual studio technology instrument). Unlike VST, VSTi plugins are an independent application capable of generating an audio signal. VSTi transfers real instruments to a digital environment. All libraries (for example, virtual drums), software synthesizers and samplers work on its basis. Despite the appearance of the term VSTi, today virtual instruments are usually referred to as VST. In May 2018, Steinberg stopped supporting the VST2 format, focusing on the development of VST3, introduced back in 2008. Unlike the first and second versions, VST3:

• only exists in 64-bit format;
• supports more virtual audio inputs and MIDI inputs and outputs, which allows you to create instruments that can generate more complex sounds;
• offers improved work with MIDI events responsible for articulation, strength of sound extraction and dynamics of notes (see What are MIDI events and why do we need them, MIDI 2.0 is already here: what's new);
• offers better optimization and lower demands on computer resources.

Despite the end of VST2 support and the advantages of the third version of the format, many developers still release processing and instruments in VST2 format. As for DAWs, to ensure maximum compatibility, DAWs support all three formats.

AU

AU Logo The AU format (short for Audio Units) was developed by Apple shortly after the introduction of VST2. The format is a set of APIs and other instructions that allow macOS and iOS operating systems to generate, process, play, and manipulate audio signals with minimal latency. Apart from the ability to work as both virtual instruments and effects, there are no differences between AU and VST/VSTi. In fact, AU is an iteration of VST that has been improved for better compatibility with macOS. The similarity to VST allows developers to convert VST plugins to AU plugins to simplify the porting of products to the macOS environment. As smartphones and tablets evolved, Apple introduced an improved version of the format — AUv3. The update is an extended set of APIs compatible with iOS and iPadOS. Developers can create universal plug-ins for iPhone, iPad, and Mac, and users get a set of plug-ins that are compatible with both desktop and mobile DAWs (such as Garage Band or Cubasis).

AAX

In 2013, along with the release of Pro Tools 11, Avid introduced the AAX format (Avid Audio eXtension), which is a fork of VST and was created for better compatibility with DAWs. The company explained the release of its own format by the closed nature of VST and AU for third-party developers - only Steinberg and Apple can make changes to the operating principles of these formats. As noted by Avid, developers were also not satisfied with the native nature of VST and AU, which depend on computer resources and are not able to work with external DSP processors that require compatible versions of plug-ins. Pro Tools works equally well with both computer components and with DSP chips built into audio interfaces, so developers invested in creating their own plug-in format. The main difference between AAX and VST is the ability to work in two modes: Native and DSP. The first relies on the power of the computer processor, the second - on the capabilities of the DSP chip of the audio interface. In the latter case, the processing occurs before the signal reaches the computer, so the user does not hear the signal that has already been processed, which, in turn, saves computer resources.

CLAP

An audio plugin format developed by Bitwig GmbH — the creators of the DAW Bitwig Studio — and u-he, and presented to the general public in June 2022. CLAP (short for Clever Audio Plug-in) is an open plugin format with rich functionality, promising more efficient processing. Unlike VST and AU, CLAP uses its own metadata system, which provides faster plugin scanning. The format also allows DAWs to store plugin files not in a separate directory on the disk, but inside the DAW project, which eliminates the problem of the inability to open a project due to the lack of plugins in the operating system. The developers declare full support for the MIDI 2.0 standard, including automation of each note and advanced modulations. Developers of polyphonic virtual instruments will be able to modulate parameters for each voice. In addition to this, the format provides an extension system designed to more quickly integrate any changes in the MIDI standard. As of the end of 2022, the format is supported only in the DAW Bitwig Studio. According to the developers, Avid, Apple, Ableton and other developers of popular DAWs are already working on integrating the new format into their programs.

Narrowly specialized and obsolete plugin formats

Despite the prevalence of VST, AU and AAX, there are effects and instruments in other formats on the web - RTAS, DXi and ReFill. The first two are obsolete formats, the third is designed for the DAW Reason from Reason Studios.

RTAS

The limitations of the VST format have haunted Digidesign (now Avid Technologies) since the advent of virtual effects. At some point, the developers of Pro Tools decided to abandon support for VST and come up with their own format RTAS (abbreviated to Real-Time Audio Suite), compatible only with Pro Tools. RTAS was a fork of VST, supposedly working more efficiently inside Pro Tools. The format was used until the release of Pro Tools 10, and was later replaced by the new AAX, capable of working with a processor and DSP chips. There are no differences between RTAS and VST and AU, except for exclusivity for Avid's DAW.

DX/DXi

With the release of VST2, Microsoft joined the format race, creating the DXi (DirectX Plugin) format together with Cakewalk. Apart from the fact that the format relies on DirectX technology, the operating principle of DX plugins is no different from VST, AU and AAX. As with VST, DX plugins are divided into two types:

1. DX — effect plugins (emulations of reverbs, compressors and other processing);
2. DXi — virtual instruments.

The idea behind DX plugins is that using DirectX libraries allows the processing to interact not only with DAWs, but with any audio programs in the Windows environment. Thanks to this, DX plugins can connect to audio and video players, video editors and other software. For regular DAWs, DX plugins look like regular VST processing.

ReFill

Initially, the VST format was developed jointly by Steinberg and Propellerhead (now Reason Studios). At some point, Propellerhead separated from the project, focusing on developing its own Reason ReFill format, compatible only with the Reason DAW. In terms of operation, ReFill is a sound library that combines samples, MIDI files, grooves, patches, and even entire composition projects. ReFill plugins can work as a virtual instrument with its own set of effects, as a regular emulation of a real analog device or a set of samples. The format is intended only for the Reason DAW and is not suitable for use in other music recording programs. In 2019, Reason Studios stopped active development of ReFill and implemented VST support in Reason. Moreover, the Reason DAW itself can now work as a plugin in other DAWs, and users have access to ReFill effects and plugins from Reason in any programs.

LV2/LADSPA Version 2

The LV2 (LADSPA Version 2) format is an open standard for audio plugins, positioned as a free alternative to VST and AU. The standard is used in the Linux operating system environment (Ubuntu, Debian) and supports DAWs and audio editors running on these OSs — Cockos REAPER, Audacity. From a technical point of view, LV2 replicates the capabilities of VST/AU. Like its more famous counterparts, the format allows you to develop virtual instruments and processing with MIDI support, its own graphical interface. Compared to VST and AU, LV2 is much less common. The main reason is simple: Linux is far from the most popular system for music production. Nevertheless, a number of both large and independent developers release LV2 versions of their products, and the community of creators maintains a database of third-party projects that exist as an LV2 plugin or support the format.

What about NKI, SFZ and NKS?

NKI (abbreviated Native Instruments Kontakt Instrument) is another popular format for working with sounds in a DAW. NKI was created by Native Instruments for use in the Native Instruments Kontakt sampler and is an archive with samples, sounds, and processing. Only Native Instruments Kontakt, which is supplied as a plugin in VST, AU, and AAX formats, can open an archive in the NKI format. The sampler perceives the file as a separate independent virtual instrument. There is no other way to open NKI in a DAW: the sampler is a mandatory layer between the program and the virtual instrument, without which archives in NKI are simply useless. SFZ (abbreviated Sforzando) is another highly specialized format for storing musical information. The format is a standard for defining the behavior of virtual musical instruments and determines how exactly libraries and effects will sound. Thus, SFZ offers an alternative to the proprietary NKI and allows the creation of virtual libraries. As for NKS, NKS (abbreviated English: Native Kontrol Standard) cannot be called a full-fledged plugin format. NKS technology provides deeper integration of hardware controllers (e.g. MIDI keyboards) with NKI virtual libraries and VST/AU plugins. The NKS icon only denotes support for integration from plugins and hardware, but NKS itself is not an independent format.

What's the actual difference between plugin formats?

In practical terms, there are no differences between the formats. The main difference lies in technical aspects that do not affect the end user's work - development features, the bit depth of the plugin, and its delivery methods. With development features, everything is simple: developers create plugins the way they know how. At the same time, stories about delivery methods and bit depth require additional explanations.

Delivery methods

Today, when fast Internet access is available in most countries of the world, plugins are supplied as a downloadable installer. Once launched, the installer downloads the necessary files and installs them on the system. However, some developers continue to release boxed versions of their products: for example, extensive plugin packages like Native Instruments Komplete or virtual drums Toontrack Superior Drummer are supplied on an SSD drive. This approach saves the time required to download all the components and allows you to work with the instruments from an external drive. Depending on the operating system, after purchasing a plugin, the user is provided with a file in EXE, DMG or PKG format. Some virtual instruments and plugins are supplied as a ZIP archive. Inside it, there is usually one or more plugin files:

• DLL — for installing VST on Windows;
• VST/VST3 — for installing VST on macOS;
• AAX — for installing the AAX plugin on Windows and macOS;
• Component — for installing AU plugins on macOS.

If the plugins are supplied as an archive, they are installed by manually copying files from the archive to the appropriate directories for storing plugins in the system.

Bit depth

Plugins can be supplied in two types - 32-bit and 64-bit. 32-bit plug-ins cannot use more than 4 GB of RAM, and they may not be compatible with 64-bit operating systems and music recording programs. Moreover, when the allocated memory limit is reached, the plug-in may start to work unstably. There are no such restrictions with 64-bit plug-ins. 64-bit versions of plug-ins can use all the RAM available in the system, and the operating system will use the computer's resources more flexibly, distributing them between all the instruments and plug-ins used in the project. The distribution is based on the principle "to each according to his needs": the instruments that are more memory-demanding at a particular moment in time will receive more RAM, while the less demanding ones will receive less. At the same time, those plugins that are not currently in use go into a kind of standby mode - the OS takes resources from them and transfers them to other processes, and allocates them back when they are needed. Plugins in VST3, AU and AAX formats are almost always supplied in 64-bit format. In turn, developments in VST2, RTAS and DX formats are more often released in 32-bit format. To get around the limitations of the 32-bit format, DAWs are equipped with converters that make the operating system think that it is working with a 64-bit application, although in fact this is not the case.

Why do people use VST plugins?

Many decades ago, in the world of traditional recording and mixing, using physical instruments and gear was the only way to achieve the sonic wonders we know and love. Without hardware, effects like compression and reverb would not be possible. Of course, gear is expensive, so this approach required a significant financial investment and a significant amount of space to house the necessary equipment. Likewise, not everyone has access to live drums, piano or an orchestra and can record them. This is where the VST format came in. VST plugins have become a revolutionary alternative or complement to their physical counterparts, allowing musicians to say goodbye to huge investments in instruments, synthesizers, effects gear and other prohibitively expensive equipment, but still enjoy comparable functionality. These days, it is entirely possible to create a complete song from scratch using only VST plugins and digital audio workstations, without picking up a single tangible instrument. However, with so many different VST plugins out there, the thought of coming into this technology for the first time can seem overwhelming, so I want to break it down even more.

Why VST plugins are needed

There are several situations when musicians prefer to use VST plugins:

• The functionality of the built-in DAW tools is not enough. It is impossible to cover all the needs of musicians, since each professional has personal preferences and a personal vision of music, and DAWs offer a certain average set of basic tools. Most plugin manufacturers spend a huge amount of time consulting with musicians and getting feedback from them. Moreover, plugin developers themselves are often keen on creating music. Therefore, each creator can find a solution and functions that are closest to what they want;
• Plugins allow you to get higher-quality sound at the output. Some built-in instruments may be inferior in sound quality to plugins or produce unnecessary distortions (noise, crackling, clicks). And VST plugins allow you to squeeze out the maximum volume or maximum purity from the sound, which is impossible to get when working with stock instruments;
• Plugins have a more user-friendly interface. Built-in instruments can be incomprehensible for beginners or simply inconvenient. In this case, plugins come to the rescue, in which the same functions are implemented simply and conveniently: the most necessary functions are located on the main screen, and you can adjust the parameters by simply dragging the desired modulations with the mouse. And there are also so-called OneKnob Series plugins: they are used only for a specific operation, but you only need to turn one knob, and not adjust dozens of parameters. Thanks to this, routine tasks are performed much faster;
• A large number of presets have been developed for popular plugins, that is, ready-made sounds or ready-made effect settings from musicians from all over the world. Even the most experienced and skilled artists use ready-made presets, because this can significantly speed up the work. And sometimes there are situations when it is not clear what you would like to hear. Going through the presets, you can find exactly the sound you need. Most often, the manufacturer offers only a small basic set of presets during installation, so in order to diversify your collection, the easiest way to find additional sets for the desired plugin is through an Internet search (preferably specifying the genre of interest). Or buy them on Splice.

Types of VST Plugins

There are three main types of VST plugins:

• VST instruments (VSTi), which allow you to receive sound;
• VST effects, which allow you to process it;
• VST plugins for MIDI control, which allow you to generate notes for VST instruments or make changes to them.

VST instruments

• Synthesizers. With their help, you can create any sound from scratch. Allow you to fine-tune the timbre;
• Samplers. Play pre-recorded sounds - samples. As a rule, they allow you to edit the volume, duration, pitch, filter and some other parameters. Most often used for writing drum parts;
• Romplers. This is actually a type of sampler, but for convenience, romplers are allocated to a separate class. Just like samplers, they play pre-recorded sounds, but are used not for drums, but for melodic instruments. For example, the manufacturer records each piano note separately with different keystroke strengths so that the user can install a ready-made library with these recordings and create the part he needs. Just like samplers, romplers allow you to edit volume, duration, pitch. At the same time, there are much fewer opportunities for working with the sound timbre in romplers than in synthesizers.

Some VST instruments may combine features from several of the listed categories.

VST effects

• Dynamic processing: designed to work with volume in real time. This category includes compressors, limiters, gate effects and some others;
• Spatial processing: such effects allow you to expand the space of an instrument or group of instruments using echo or reverb;
• Distortion effects: create an "overdrive" of the sound. A classic example is the distortion effect for electric guitar. But they can be used to work with any instruments;
• Modulation effects: based on short reflections (for example, if a very strong echo occurred in a small room) or on changes in the position of the sound wave, its duplication (working with the phase of the sound). Modulation effects include chorus, flanger and phaser. All of them give the sound an electronic, slightly cosmic effect in different ways;
• Pitch effects: used when working with pitch. Some allow you to process sound in real time. For example, autotune helps to equalize the voice on stage. Others are used to work with pre-recorded sounds. The most popular example is the Melodyne plugin. It is used when you need to subtly and thoroughly align the singer's already recorded voice;
• Utilities: this category includes various auxiliary elements. For example, analyzers (volume, frequency spectrum, pitch), recorders, as well as tools for creating effect chains (serial and parallel) and their routing.

VST plugins for MIDI control

• Arpeggiators: generate a repeating sequence of notes (arpeggios). You set the speed, number of notes, key, other parameters and then, by pressing one key, you can get a ready melody;
• Controllers: there is a large set of universal MIDI parameters that are supported by all DAWs. Many of them allow you to make an instrument part or melody more similar to the sound of live instruments. For example, the Velocity parameter sets the force of hitting the keys, like on a piano. And the Pitch Bend parameter allows you to make smooth changes in pitch, like on a violin. To avoid editing these parameters manually, you can use special plugins that will do it for you;
• Plugins for managing notes and chords: this category includes note length editors, chord generators, scalers (for adjusting notes in accordance with the selected key), and so on.

Where to get VST plugins

Most plugins can be downloaded from the manufacturer's website - some for free, some for a fee. Mostly, plugin manufacturers now use a subscription format at a price of 500 rubles to several thousand rubles per month. For this price, subscribers get access to the full functionality of the plugin or plugin package, and in addition to a large database of presets. There is also a rent-to-own format, that is, rent with subsequent purchase. In this case, when you subscribe, a certain period is set, after which you become the happy owner of a licensed copy of the plugin. There are also plugin marketplaces. For example, Plugin Boutique. Such sites can please not only with a rich assortment, but also with various package offers, which will be much more profitable than buying tools separately. And since we are talking about benefits, most paid plugins can be purchased at a significant discount in different periods, sometimes up to 80%. In order not to miss discounts on interesting products, you can visit special sites and Telegram channels. The biggest discounts, as a rule, are during the "Black Friday" period. Today, purchasing with Russian cards is not possible on many sites, but there are alternative payment methods. For example, the ADSR Sounds marketplace accepts cryptocurrency, and the Russian manufacturer of excellent plugins Voxengo accepts rubles from Russian cards. Finally, some plugins developed by enthusiasts do not have a separate website. In this case, the author uploads them to third-party sites, such as KVR Audio, or to his repository on GitHub. The best way to learn about the appearance of such experimental plugins is to be a member of various communities of colleagues in the industry. As practice shows, producers working in the dubstep and techno genres follow the latest products most closely.

How to Install and Use a VST Plugin

Virtual Studio Technology is designed to provide standalone functionality for some VST plugins. However, VST plugins are primarily designed to integrate with a DAW. To use a VST plugin, the first step is usually to download and install a DAW such as Pro Tools, Ableton Live, Logic, or FL Studio. These DAWs will serve as a platform for using the full potential of any VST plugin. How you begin your journey with VST plugins depends on the DAW you use, but it is usually a fairly simple process. Typically, the process goes like this:

1. Find the VST plugin you want and download it;
2. Most VST plugins come compressed in a ZIP file, so you will need to unzip it;
3. Place the unzipped VST plugin files in an easily accessible folder on your computer. Many VST plugins come as executable files, allowing you to choose the folder you want to install them in during the installation process;
4. Launch your DAW and ask it to search for recently installed VST plugins;
5. Load a new project in your DAW and select the VST plugin from the plugin folder. You will be able to place it on a new track as a virtual instrument or audio effect.

Top VST Developers

Native Instruments

Native Instruments is a multi-faceted company that serves as a plugin developer and hardware manufacturer in a variety of music fields, including sound design, production, and live performance. Their rich history began in 1996, when they introduced the Generator modular synthesizer. This groundbreaking synthesizer laid the foundation for one of their most famous offerings, which they still produce today, Reaktor. Acting as a modular playground, Reaktor is great for creating and customizing your own instruments, effects, samplers, and sound design tools. With an extensive lineup of exceptional VST plugins and synthesizers, such as the highly acclaimed Massive X and Kontakt, as well as the Komplete Kontrol series of MIDI keyboards, the company has solidified its position as a key player in the digital music production space.

Arturia

Arturia began as a collaboration between Gilles Pommerouilh and Frédéric Brune, both students at the esteemed INPG Grenoble Institute of Technology in France. With backgrounds in music and engineering, they began to share a vision of how technology could democratize music production and make it accessible to everyone. In 2000, their shared vision was realized with Storm, an all-in-one virtual studio that revolutionized computer-based music production without the need for a large financial investment. This seminal creation paved the way for the creation of Arturia as we know it today. Today, the company is a renowned creator of software synthesizers and effects, many of which emulate vintage analog gear from decades past. Their impressive lineup includes everything from acclaimed plugins like Pigments 4, which offers a range of powerful modern synthesis capabilities, to exceptional digital versions of famous analogue synths like the Minimoog and Jupiter 8.

Soundtoys

Soundtoys is the genius behind a vast line of analog-focused plugins that are renowned for their exceptionally creative audio processing capabilities. Having helped create the legendary Eventide H3000, Soundtoys has imbued their plugins with a stunning fidelity that accurately replicates the hardware's capabilities. Spend a few minutes browsing the Soundtoys website and you'll see that they draw inspiration from their vast collection of gear, incorporating elements of iconic gear. For example, the EchoBoy delay showcases a wonderful emulation of the Roland RE-201 Space Echo, while the Decapitator saturation plugin pays homage to the Ampex 350 tape preamp. I'd say that about 90% of top producers and mixing engineers today use at least one Soundtoys plugin.

Waves

15 Most Useful Plugins in 2024

Let's take a look at a few plugins that will be useful to musicians.

Xfer Records Serum

The undisputed long-standing leader in the VST synthesizer market. It has all the current types of sound synthesis available. And you can find tens of thousands of presets for it.

Vital

Serum's "little brother". It has advanced modulation capabilities and also has a fully functional free version.

U-he Diva

For many years now, it has been the most popular synthesizer for fans of "analog" sound. Soft sound, high-quality filters and an abundance of presets allow Diva to remain in all lists of the best synthesizers for more than ten years.

Arturia Plugins

Arturia has gained popularity thanks to its very high-quality analog synthesizer and effects emulators. But in addition, it can also boast of its own unique products. For example, the Pigments synthesizer or the Fragments granular effector.

Native Instruments Kontakt

A sampler with a huge collection of libraries - from live instruments to the hardest dubstep cuts. If you want and have the skills, you can use it to record an orchestral concert, indistinguishable from a live performance. Has a free version of Kontakt Player.

Kilohearts Package

A great set of high-quality free effects that are not particularly demanding on computer resources. The paid package contains the popular Multipass and Snap Heap multi-effectors, as well as the powerful Phase Plant synthesizer. There is a subscription model, under which after three years the package becomes completely yours.

ShaperBox

Many people know it as an alternative to sidechain compression, but if used correctly, it can provide many additional opportunities. Thanks to it, you can draw any shape to control volume, filters, and pitch. And the trigger control function using MIDI and Audio triggers allows you to set any rhythm.

MeldaProduction Plugin Package

A powerful package with a rather unusual interface. In addition to a set of standard technical solutions (compressor, limiter, reverb, etc.), it contains a number of rather interesting tools. For example, MBassador is an effect that allows you to saturate the sound with high-quality bass harmonics. Or MFreeformPhase is an effect that allows you to finely control the phase of the sound at the desired frequency. A pleasant bonus is that you can get a significant part of the package for free.

iZotope Ozone

Everything for mastering tracks. The maximum version contains more than ten modules for editing the final recording - from dynamic processing and equalizers to various "enhancers". Many experts say that iZotope Ozone has some of the "cleanest" dynamic processing modules, that is, they introduce less distortion than most similar tools.

FabFilter package

A set of high-quality plugins. In addition to good standard technical solutions, it has tools for artistic processing. Thanks to the ability to work with envelopes and LFOs, it allows you to get a very interesting result. It includes the Pro-Q 3 equalizer, which has become legendary.

Spitfire LABS

A free rompler with a fairly large library of interesting sounds. The collection includes live instruments, drums and percussion, as well as a collection of synthesizers and effects.

Soundtoys package

A great set for processing vocals and more. The most popular ones are:

• Little AlterBoy for working with pitch;
• Crystallizer, which allows for interesting spatial processing;
• Decapitator — a distortion effect that allows for very subtle and high-quality “destruction” of sound.

Celemony Melodyne

Its name has become a household word for vocal correction tools. It allows you to very subtly and efficiently correct vocal flaws while maintaining the liveliness and naturalness of the sound.

Valhalla DSP Spatial Processing Suite

A set of simple yet effective tools for saturating space. Valhalla VintageVerb is currently the go-to reverb for many producers around the world, so it's a must-have if you collaborate with other musicians or share projects with anyone.

Devious Machines Infiltrator

Valhalla DSP Spatial Processing Suite A set of simple yet effective tools for saturating space. Valhalla VintageVerb is currently the go-to reverb for many producers around the world, so it's a must-have if you collaborate with other musicians or share projects with anyone.

VST Questions and Answers

Can VST plugins be used without a DAW?

It is indeed possible to use a VST plugin as a standalone device, independent of a DAW. However, VST plugins require the use of a specialized tool known as a VST host, which is a lightweight software application designed solely to facilitate the use of virtual studio technology without a DAW.

What is the difference between AU and VST plugins?

AU (Audio Units) plugins are primarily designed for Mac systems, as this format was developed by Apple. They can be easily integrated into Mac-based DAWs such as Garageband and Logic, as well as many other popular DAWs. On the other hand, VST plugins are known for their universal compatibility, which goes beyond a specific operating system.

Final Thoughts - What is VST?

Now it’s time to go find the ones that suit your style and needs! Luckily, the online marketplace offers a wide range of VST plugins, both free and paid. A simple Google search will reveal many free VST plugins ready to use, giving you a huge selection. I highly recommend starting your search on platforms like Splice and Plugin Boutique, as they offer a wide selection of high-quality free plugins!

Pentatonic scale is a 5-step scale that does not contain semitones. There are several types of pentatonic scale in music, but in most cases, when they say "pentatonic scale", they mean the above meaning. Pentatonic scale is widely used in various directions of modern music: pop, rock, jazz and others. Knowledge of pentatonic scale and skillful mastery of playing techniques based on it is one of the most important qualities of a modern musician.

Pentatonic scale structure

The easiest way to find pentatonic scale on the piano is to play five black keys in a row within one octave.

How to Find Pentatonic Scales from Major and Minor Diatonic (7-Step) Scales

Many beginning musicians know modern diatonic modes (scales) very well, but they often find it difficult to “change” from diatonics to pentatonics. We offer a simple way to solve this problem. The main thing is to understand which steps in major and minor should be “skipped” in order to get a pentatonic scale from the usual diatonic scale. The fact is that the difference between the diatonic scale and the pentatonic scale is only 2 steps (notes): in diatonics there are 7 steps, in pentatonics 5. Two steps are removed from the diatonic scale, forming the most striking musical dissonance - the tritone. Accordingly, in major these are the 4th and 7th steps, and in natural minor - the 2nd and 6th steps. There is the same relationship between parallel major and minor pentatonic scales as between diatonic parallel keys (there is a separate article about this — here). The major and minor pentatonic scales, like parallel keys, will have the same composition of sounds. Look closely at the pictures. If you imagine that these are familiar diatonic C major and A minor, you can see that in both cases, the notes F and B are skipped to build the pentatonic scale — they form a tritone in both keys. Only in C major, F and B are the 4th and 7th, and in A minor — the 2nd and 6th steps, respectively. The pentatonic scale can be built from any note according to the following schemes:

• major pentatonic scale: tone - tone - 1.5-tone - tone;
• minor pentatonic scale: 1.5-tones - tone - tone - 1.5-tones.

To put it more correctly from a musical point of view, we can say that the pentatonic scale consists of the following musical intervals:

• major pentatonic scale: major second (b.2) - major second (b.2) - minor third (m.3) - major second (b.2);
• minor pentatonic scale: minor third (m.3) - major second (b.2) - major second (b.2) - minor third (m.3).

A little more about the pentatonic scale on the guitar

If you have been playing the guitar for some time and probably even tried to improvise, you should be familiar with what the pentatonic scale is. Often, beginner guitarists who have recently started learning to play the guitar online face the problem of playing up and down, which sounds poor for this five-step scale. This article will be especially interesting for those who are mastering guitar lessons online. In it, we will introduce you to some ways of playing the pentatonic scale, which will allow you to decorate your improvisations a little.

1. Turntables

"Turntables," as guitarists often call them, are looped melodic phrases that are repeated to create a driving effect. They are typical of blues, blues-rock, and rock music. In this case, you need to practice removing your finger from the bend in time to cleanly play the repeated two strings, clamped at the V fret. Here are some more interesting examples:

2. Blues note

A note that can create a real, that very feeling that you are playing a real blues on black. There is also an interesting way to use it. Try to play a bend in A minor pentatonic, on the 3rd string of the 7th fret, but do not stretch it to a full semitone. Play the note so that it is between the sounds of the 7th and 8th frets, and then mute the string with your right hand and return to the tonic through the 5th fret. The result should please.

3. Step "through the string"

Try playing the pentatonic scale through the string, as shown in the tabs, using a shuffle, a blues rhythm, which you can learn about in the article on blues. Note that when playing a step across a string, you need to accent the upstroke to get the traditional blues "limp".

4. Triplet

There is one very popular way to play a triplet in the pentatonic scale. Basically, it looks like a scale played in three notes, but in the pentatonic scale it opens up the possibilities for speed. Even a beginner guitarist learning online guitar lessons can feel like someone like Eric Clapton.

5. Try to create connections

It is important not to just randomly play the techniques presented above, but to try to build their smooth connection. Music, like any language, requires connected sentences and that is when your artistic speech begins to sound truly beautiful. Have you recently started learning to play guitar and want to learn how to play “proper black blues”? You are in the right direction. Prefer online guitar lessons to a self-study guide? Different ways of playing the pentatonic scale give a wide scope for improvisation, which ensures your professional growth as a musician. Learn, dare, improvise, open new horizons!

Reggae music originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s and has since become a global phenomenon known for its distinctive rhythm, catchy melodies, and powerful lyrical messages. With deep roots in Jamaican culture and history, reggae has evolved into a genre that celebrates social justice, equality, and love. Writing reggae music requires a deep understanding of its unique elements, including rhythm, chord progressions, lyrics, vocal delivery, and instrumentation. In this article, we’ll delve into the art of writing reggae music, exploring various techniques and tools to help you create authentic and captivating songs. Whether you’re an experienced musician or just starting out, this guide will provide you with valuable information and tips on how to write reggae music that will resonate with your audience. Before we dive into the details, it’s important to note that reggae is a genre rooted in cultural and political expression. It originated as a form of protest against social injustice and oppression, giving a voice to the marginalized and disenfranchised. When writing reggae music, it is important to honor and uphold these values and use lyrics to address important issues in a thoughtful and meaningful way. Now that we have laid the foundation, let's take a closer look at the key elements of writing reggae music, starting with understanding its roots.

Understanding the Roots of Reggae Music

In order to write authentic and compelling reggae music, it is essential to have a deep appreciation for its historical and cultural roots. Reggae music emerged in Jamaica in the late 1960s, evolving from earlier genres such as ska and rocksteady. It was heavily influenced by African rhythms, American R&B, and Jamaican folk music. The birth of reggae can be traced back to the socio-political climate of Jamaica. The lyrics of early reggae songs often addressed social issues such as poverty, inequality, and corruption. Artists such as Bob Marley, Peter Tosh, and Jimmy Cliff used their music as a platform to shed light on the hardships faced by the Jamaican people. The rhythm in reggae music is characterized by syncopated bass lines and off-kilter guitar and keyboard accents. This distinctive rhythm, known as the “one drop” pattern, creates a laid-back groove that is instantly recognizable. The use of percussion instruments such as bongo drums and tambourines further contribute to the genre’s rhythmic richness. Another defining element of reggae is the emphasis on the bass line. The bass guitar plays an important role in providing the melodic foundation and driving the music forward. To capture the essence of reggae in your songs, pay close attention to the interplay between the bass line and the other instruments. Additionally, reggae is renowned for its strong vocal melodies and harmonies. The soulful and sincere delivery of the artists enhances the emotional impact of the lyrics. It is important to explore different vocal techniques such as melisma and vocal improvisation to infuse your reggae songs with depth and emotion. When it comes to lyrical content, reggae music often delves into themes of social justice, spirituality, love, and unity. Engage your audience by creating meaningful and relatable lyrics that resonate with their experiences. Use storytelling techniques and vivid imagery to paint a picture that will captivate the listener. In the next section, we will look at the importance of rhythm and timing in reggae music, as well as methods for creating exciting chord progressions. Understanding these fundamental aspects will help you create the rhythmic foundation of your reggae compositions.

Introduction to Reggae Rhythm and Beat

One of the key elements that distinguishes reggae music is its distinctive rhythm and timing. Understanding and mastering these rhythmic elements is essential to writing authentic and engaging reggae songs. Reggae music is known for its relaxed groove and syncopated rhythm. The most common rhythmic pattern in reggae is known as the "one drop" rhythm, characterized by an emphasis on the 2nd and 4th bars, with the kick drum playing on the 3rd bar. This creates a unique feel that is instantly recognizable and sets the foundation for the rest of the instruments to groove. To become familiar with the reggae rhythm, it is necessary to listen to a wide range of reggae music and study the drum patterns. Pay attention to the relationship between the kick drum, snare drum, and hi-hat, and how they interact to create the characteristic reggae rhythm. Practice by jamming along to reggae tracks or playing with other musicians to internalize the rhythm and develop a clear sense of timing. In addition to the drum patterns, the bassline plays an important role in setting the rhythm of a reggae song. The bass guitar is usually played in a syncopated manner, emphasizing the off-beats and adding depth to the overall groove. Study the basslines of iconic reggae tracks and experiment with creating your own basslines that complement the rhythmic foundation of your song. Additionally, reggae music often includes skunks, which are rhythmic chords played on the guitar or keyboard. Skunks usually occur on beats 2 and 4, enhancing the syncopation and adding another layer of rhythm to the music. Experiment with different chord voicings and rhythmic patterns to find the skunk that best suits the mood and energy of your song. When writing reggae music, it is important to pay attention to the rhythm and feel of the instruments. Reggae is known for its relaxed and laid-back feel, so aim for a loose and groove-filled performance. Avoid rushing the rhythm or playing too tightly. Allow the instruments to breathe and give the music a natural flow. Finally, don’t be afraid to experiment with polyrhythms and syncopations in your reggae compositions. These techniques can add complexity and texture to your music, creating a multi-layered rhythmic experience for the listener. By becoming familiar with reggae rhythm and timing, you can create a foundation for your reggae compositions. In the next section, we’ll look at the importance of chord progressions and how to create exciting harmonies for your reggae songs.

Reggae rhythm structure

• The Beat: A key characteristic of reggae is its rhythmic pattern known as the “One Drop.” This beat places emphasis on the third bar of a four-beat measure, leaving the first bar open. The bass and drum play key roles in creating this signature bounce. The kick drum hits hard on the third bar, while the rimshot or side stick adds subtle accents on the second and fourth bars;
• Basslines: The foundation of any great reggae tune is the bassline. The bass guitar takes center stage with a melodic, syncopated groove that drives the song forward. Keep the basslines simple but catchy, making sure they match the drum beat and leave room for other instruments;
• Listen and learn: To better understand the reggae rhythm, listen to classic reggae tunes by artists like Bob Marley, Peter Tosh, and Gregory Isaacs. Analyze their grooves and beats and try to reproduce them on your chosen instruments.

Reggae Lyrics and Song Structure

1. Theme: Reggae lyrics often touch on social, political, and spiritual themes, reflecting the thoughts and experiences of the people who created them. However, there are no strict rules regarding the theme. Your song can tell a story, convey a message, or simply celebrate love and life;
2. Structure: The standard reggae song structure usually follows a verse-chorus-verse pattern, with occasional variations such as pre-choruses and instrumental breaks. Keep the structure simple and easy to follow so listeners can focus on your engaging message and groove;
3. Chorus: A memorable chorus is essential to any great song. Make sure your chorus has a strong, catchy melody that is easy to remember and sing along to;
4. Lyric Assistant: If you are having trouble finding the perfect lyrics or structure for your reggae song, Lyric Assistant can help you. With our unique system, you can choose the genre, theme and structure, as well as the artists you want your song to feature, and Lyric Assistant will generate a personalized song for you.

Arrangement and instruments

1. Guitars: A reggae song typically features a rhythm guitar playing short, syncopated staccato chords known as “skunking.” The chords are usually played on the off-beat, creating a light and bouncy feel;
2. Keyboards: The keyboard or organ provides additional layers of melody, often doubling the guitar or bassline. The iconic sound of the “bubble” organ can be heard in many reggae songs, adding a sense of depth and warmth;
3. Brass: Brass sections are common in reggae music, featuring trumpets, trombones, and saxophones. These instruments can be used for melody lines, drum parts, or countermelodies, giving your song a full, vibrant sound;
4. Production: When recording and mixing your reggae song, aim for a warm, vintage sound. Experiment with effects like reverb, delay, and tape saturation to achieve this mood. Keep the drums and bass front and center in your mix, as they are the driving force behind the genre.

By understanding the basics of reggae music, from its rhythm and song structure to lyrics and arrangement, you'll be well on your way to creating an authentic, addictive reggae song. And when you need help, don't forget to turn to Lyric Assistant for a seamless songwriting experience. Now, grab your instruments, find inspiration, and let the positive vibes flow as you write your reggae masterpiece.

Learning Reggae Chord Progressions

Chord progressions are an integral part of any song, and reggae music is no exception. Understanding and using the right chord progressions can help create the signature sound and feel of reggae music. In reggae, the most common chord progression is the “one-drop” progression, which typically involves using I-IV-V chords in a major key. For example, in the key of C major, the chord progression would be C-F-G. This progression provides a solid foundation for the song and allows for variations and embellishments. While the one-drop progression is a reggae staple, it is important to experiment with different chord voicings and inversions to add variety and interest to your music. Try using different rhythm guitar techniques, such as skank or staccato strumming, to create a rhythmic and percussive element that complements the overall groove. Additionally, you can incorporate secondary dominant chords to add tension and movement to your chord progressions. This involves using chords that are outside the key but lead into the next chord in the progression. For example, in the key of C major, you might use an E7 chord before resolving to an A minor chord (the IV chord), creating a sense of anticipation and resolution. Another technique often used in reggae is chord substitution. This involves replacing one chord with another that has a similar function or sound. This can add color and unique harmonies to your music. Experiment with chord substitutions in a one-drop progression and see how it changes the overall mood and feel of your song. It’s worth noting that while reggae is typically associated with major keys, minor keys are also common and can add a different flavor to your compositions. Experiment with minor chord progressions and explore the emotional depth they bring to your reggae songs. As with any songwriting, the key is to trust your ear and let your creativity guide you. Don't be afraid to break the rules and experiment with different chord progressions to create your own unique reggae sound. In the next section, we'll look at the art of writing compelling reggae lyrics, which is an integral part of conveying the powerful messages and emotions that reggae is known for.

Mastering the Art of Writing Reggae Lyrics

Reggae music is renowned for its powerful and thought-provoking lyrics that touch on social issues, love, spirituality, and personal experiences. Mastering the art of writing lyrical content is key to creating impactful and authentic reggae songs. When writing reggae song lyrics, it is important to have a clear message or intention. Identify the topic or theme you want to address and determine what emotions or thoughts you want to evoke in your audience. Whether it is to shed light on social injustice, spread love and unity, or share personal experiences, clarity of purpose will guide your lyrical journey. Reggae song lyrics often incorporate storytelling techniques, vivid imagery, and symbolism to captivate the listener. Paint a picture with your words and draw them into the narrative. Use descriptive language to create an emotional connection and allow listeners to relate to the message you are conveying. In addition to storytelling, repetition plays an important role in reggae lyrics. Phrases and refrains are often repeated throughout the song, creating a hypnotic and memorable effect. This repetition allows the listener to grasp the message and become part of the experience. Create catchy, concise phrases that are easy to sing along to and that will resonate with the audience. An important aspect of writing reggae lyrics is maintaining authenticity. Reggae music originated in Jamaica and carries a distinct cultural and linguistic identity. Incorporating Jamaican patois, slang, and cultural references can add an extra layer of authenticity to your songs. However, it is important to do so in a respectful and accurate manner, ensuring that the message can still be accessible to a wider audience. Reggae lyrics often touch on serious and profound themes, but it is important to balance the weight with moments of hope, love, and positivity. Fill your lyrics with uplifting and inspiring messages, reminding listeners that change is possible and that unity and love can overcome adversity. Collaboration can play a major role in improving the lyrical content of your reggae songs. Work with other songwriters, poets, or artists to bring different perspectives and ideas. Embrace different points of view and refine your lyrics together to create something truly powerful. Finally, listen to a wide range of reggae music from different eras and artists to gain inspiration and insight into the lyrical traditions of the genre. Study the lyrics of legendary artists like Bob Marley, Peter Tosh, and Burning Spear to see how they effectively convey their messages through words. By mastering the art of writing reggae lyrics, you will be able to convey powerful messages and capture the essence of the reggae genre. In the next section, we will look at incorporating Jamaican patois and slang into your reggae lyrics, which will add authenticity to your songs.

Incorporating Jamaican Patois and Slang into Reggae Lyrics

Jamaican Patois, also known as Jamaican Creole, is an integral part of the cultural identity of reggae music. Incorporating Jamaican Patois and slang into your reggae lyrics can give your songs an authentic and unique flavor. Jamaican Patois is a vibrant and expressive language that is the result of mixing various African and European languages. It is characterized by its own distinct pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar. By incorporating Jamaican Patois into your lyrics, you are paying homage to the roots of reggae music while adding an element of cultural authenticity. When using Jamaican Patois in your lyrics, it is important to find a balance between maintaining authenticity and making the message accessible to a wider audience. Consider using a mixture of Jamaican Patois and standard English to create a lyrical blend that captures the spirit of reggae while still conveying meaning to listeners who may not be familiar with the language. In addition to Jamaican Patois, incorporating Jamaican slang can further enhance the authenticity of your reggae lyrics. Jamaican slang is dynamic and constantly evolving, and it brings a sense of local flavor and personality to the music. Familiarize yourself with popular Jamaican slang terms such as “irie” (meaning feeling good), “irie vibes” (refers to a positive and peaceful atmosphere), or “one love” (symbolizes unity and harmony). Using Jamaican Patois and slang can add depth to your lyrics. It can help convey emotion, create vivid imagery, and establish an immediate connection with the listener. However, it is important to use these linguistic elements respectfully and accurately. Incorrect or excessive use of Jamaican Patois and slang can come across as inauthentic or disrespectful to the culture. Learn proper usage through research and study, and consult with native Jamaican speakers or experts if necessary. Remember, the goal is to authentically convey the spirit of reggae music. Incorporating Jamaican patois and slang should enhance the overall message and feel of your song and make it resonate more deeply with your audience. In the next section, we will look at how instrumentation and arrangement contribute to the unique sound of reggae music and how they can be used to create compelling compositions.

The Use of Instrumentation and Arrangement in Reggae Music

Instrumentation and arrangement play a key role in creating the distinctive sound and atmosphere of reggae music. Understanding how to use these elements effectively will help you create exciting and authentic reggae songs. Reggae instruments typically consist of drums, bass, guitar, keyboards, and various percussion instruments. Each instrument plays a specific role in creating the rhythmic and melodic foundation of the music. Reggae drums are characterized by an emphasis on the bass drum on the 3rd beat and the use of syncopated patterns. The snare drum and hi-hat work together to create a relaxed groove. Experiment with different drum patterns to find the right balance between simplicity and complexity, allowing the drums to complement the other instruments perfectly. The bass guitar plays a crucial role in driving the rhythm of a reggae song. It usually follows a one-drop rhythm and provides the melodic foundation. Pay special attention to the technique and tone of the bass, as this can greatly affect the overall mood of the music. The guitar in reggae can be divided into rhythm guitar and lead guitar. The rhythm guitar often plays an important role with its skunky patterns, providing distinctive, off-kilter accents. The lead guitar adds melodic elements, fills, and solos to enhance the musicality. Keyboards add depth and texture to a reggae song arrangement. They can provide lush chords, melodic hooks, or rhythmic patterns, contributing to the overall groove and atmosphere. Experiment with different keyboard sounds and textures to find the perfect combination for your song. Percussion instruments such as bongos, congas, and tambourines are commonly used in reggae to add extra layers of rhythm and texture. Incorporating different percussion elements can enhance the overall groove and bring a dynamic element to the music. When it comes to arrangement, simplicity and space are key in reggae music. Leave room for each instrument to breathe and contribute to the overall sound. Avoid overcrowding your mix with unnecessary layers or excessive fills. Focus on creating a clean and balanced arrangement that allows the different elements to shine. Consider using dynamics and variations in your arrangement to keep the listener engaged. Explore the use of breakdowns, build-ups, and transitions to create tension and release. Experiment with different instrument combinations and interactions to add layers of interest and excitement to your compositions. Remember that the main goal of instrumentation and arrangement in reggae music is to create a solid foundation for the rhythmic and melodic elements to shine. Focus on the groove, allowing the instruments to work together to create a cohesive and exciting musical experience. In the next section, we will look at the importance of adding melodic hooks and catchy choruses to your reggae songs, which will further enhance their catchiness and infectiousness.

Adding melodic hooks and catchy choruses to your reggae songs

One of the key factors that makes a reggae song memorable and infectious is the presence of melodic hooks and catchy choruses. These elements help create a strong and lasting impact on the listener, enhancing the overall quality of your reggae compositions. A melodic hook is a memorable and repetitive musical phrase that catches the listener’s ear and remains in their memory long after the song has ended. It is often a short and catchy melody that is repeated throughout the song, acting as a musical signature and attracting the listener’s attention. Experiment with different instrumental melodies or vocal parts to find a hook that captures the essence of your song. When creating a melodic hook for your reggae song, keep in mind the rhythmic groove and mood of the music. The hook should complement the overall beat and add a layer of melodic interest. Aim for simplicity and clarity, as a melodic hook that is easy to sing along to is more likely to resonate with your audience. In addition to melodic hooks, catchy choruses are essential to creating a memorable reggae song. The chorus is the focal point of the song where the main message or theme is conveyed. It should be concise, impactful, and emotionally resonant. Experiment with different chord progressions, melodic variations, and lyrical phrases to create a chorus that stands out and gets stuck in the listener’s head. When writing the chorus, focus on creating a sing-along quality that invites the listener to participate. Be mindful of including repetition and simple, straightforward lyrics that are easy to remember. Consider using call and response techniques, where the lead vocalist introduces a line or phrase and the backing vocals or audience respond, adding an element of community and interactivity to the chorus. The placement of the chorus within the song is also critical to its impact. Typically, the chorus is repeated several times throughout the song, acting as an anchor that ties the verses together. Think about building the chorus, building anticipation, and making sure it stands out as the most memorable part of the song. While melodic hooks and catchy choruses are important, it’s important to find a balance between the overall message and emotion of the song. Make sure the hook and chorus fit the main theme and intent of your reggae song, enhancing its impact rather than overshadowing it. Incorporating melodic hooks and catchy choruses into your reggae songs will increase their memorability and appeal. In the next section, we’ll look at incorporating dub techniques, a distinctive aspect of reggae production that can add depth and creativity to your compositions.

Using Dub Techniques to Create a Unique Reggae Sound

Dub is a production technique that originated in Jamaica and has become synonymous with reggae music. Incorporating dub techniques into your reggae compositions can add depth, creativity, and a unique sonic experience to your songs. At its core, dub involves manipulating and experimenting with various elements of a mix, such as instruments, vocals, and effects, to create a spacious and atmospheric sound. It emphasizes the use of reverb, delay, and other effects to create echo, feedback, and sonic textures that give the music its distinctive character. One of the key techniques in dub production is “dub-out” — stripping away the original mix and emphasizing certain elements to create a new and exciting soundscape. This may involve muting instruments or vocals at certain points, bringing others to the fore, or adding new layers of effects to create a sense of space and depth. Experiment with different effects processors to achieve the dub sound you desire. Use long reverbs to create a sense of space and short delays to add texture and rhythmic interest. Use filters and equalizers to shape the overall tone and frequency spectrum of the mix. Dub also emphasizes the use of instrumental solos and improvisation. Allow your musicians to express themselves through extended solos, giving them the freedom to explore and add their own unique musicality to the song. These instrumental sections can serve as focal points in the composition, allowing the listener to immerse themselves in the music. Another characteristic of dub is the inclusion of sound effects and studio manipulation. Experiment with the use of samples, inserting unexpected sounds, or using creative editing techniques to add unique and unexpected elements to your songs. These sound effects can provide sonic surprises and further enhance the exciting and unpredictable nature of dub music. When using dub techniques, it is important to maintain a balance between experimentation and maintaining the integrity of the song. While dub offers endless creative possibilities, make sure that the techniques you use serve the overall musical vision and enhance the listening experience, rather than overpowering or distracting the listener. Using dub techniques in reggae compositions can take your music to the next level, adding depth, creativity, and a unique sonic flavor. In the final section, we will share some important tips and tricks to consider when writing and producing reggae music.

Latest Reggae Music Writing Tips and Tricks

Writing reggae music requires a unique combination of creativity, authenticity, and musicality. To further improve your ability to create exciting and impressive reggae compositions, consider the following tips and tricks:

• Study the Masters: Take the time to listen to and study the works of iconic reggae artists like Bob Marley, Peter Tosh, Jimmy Cliff, and Burning Spear. Analyze their songwriting techniques, lyrical themes, and musical arrangements to gain insight and inspiration;
• Soak up the Reggae Experience: Immerse yourself in reggae culture and immerse yourself in the music. Attend reggae concerts, visit Jamaican communities, and interact with reggae lovers. This will help you gain a deeper understanding and appreciation for the genre;
• Experiment with Rhythm and Timing: Reggae is all about rhythm, so don’t be afraid to experiment with different rhythmic patterns and syncopations. Focus on capturing the effortless groove that is integral to the genre;
• Tap into the power of lyrics: Reggae is renowned for its lyrical depth and social commentary. Create meaningful and thought-provoking lyrics that touch on important issues while maintaining a sense of hope and positivity;
• Add authenticity with Jamaican Patois and Slang: Incorporating Jamaican Patois and slang can add authenticity to your reggae compositions. Use these linguistic elements respectfully and accurately, ensuring that the message remains accessible to a wider audience;
• Use instrumentation and arrangement: Pay close attention to the instrumentation and arrangement of your songs. Experiment with different instrument combinations, dynamics, and intervals to create a balanced, cohesive, and exciting sound;
• Create memorable hooks and catchy choruses: Create melodic hooks and catchy choruses that are easy to remember and sing along to. Focus on simplicity, repetition, and emotional resonance to engage your audience;
• Experiment with dub techniques: Use dub production techniques to add depth, creativity and a unique sonic experience to your reggae music. Manipulate the mix, experiment with effects and use instrumental solos and sound effects;
• Balance between authenticity and innovation: Respect reggae’s rich history and cultural roots, but still leave room for creativity and innovation. Strive for a balance between the traditional and the new, while always remaining true to the core values and essence of the genre.

Remember, writing reggae music is a journey of self-expression and storytelling. Embrace the spirit of reggae with its messages of love, unity, and social awareness as you embark on this creative endeavor. Let your passion for the genre guide you, and most importantly, enjoy the process of creating music that resonates with you and your listeners. One love! Thank you for reading this guide to writing reggae music. We hope it has given you valuable ideas and inspiration to embark on your own reggae musical journey. Now go forth and create the infectious rhythms and uplifting melodies that define this iconic genre!

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the basic elements of a reggae song?

The basic elements of reggae music include a steady rhythm and beat, characterized by an emphasis on a rhythmic beat or "skunk" played by the guitar or piano. Bass lines are crucial and are usually heavy and melodic. Drums also play an integral role, especially the use of the snare drum. Vocals in reggae music often have a distinct, laid-back style, with themes ranging from social justice and love to Rastafarian teachings and universal spirituality.

How do I start writing a reggae song?

To start writing a reggae song, start by understanding its history and cultural roots. Listen to a variety of classic reggae tracks to get a feel for the rhythm and structure. Then start with a basic chord progression and focus on the short beats for your strumming or keyboard pattern. Write meaningful lyrics that resonate with reggae's themes of resistance, community, and positivity.

What instruments do I need to make reggae music?

Traditional reggae music heavily features drums, bass guitar, electric guitar, keyboards (especially organ), and vocals. Additional instruments that are sometimes used include brass instruments such as the saxophone, trumpet, and trombone, as well as auxiliary percussion instruments such as the bongo drum or cowbell. However, with modern technology, virtual instruments and software can also emulate many of these sounds.

Can I make reggae music if I'm not from Jamaica?

Yes, reggae music is a global genre, and although it originated in Jamaica, musicians from all over the world make reggae music. Respect for cultural roots and an understanding of history are important when making reggae music outside of its homeland.

Frequently Asked Questions What are the basic elements of a reggae song?

The basic elements of reggae music include a steady rhythm and beat, characterized by an emphasis on a rhythmic beat or "skunk" played by the guitar or piano. Bass lines are crucial and are usually heavy and melodic. Drums also play an integral role, especially the use of the snare drum. Vocals in reggae music often have a distinct, laid-back style, with themes ranging from social justice and love to Rastafarian teachings and universal spirituality.

How do I start writing a reggae song?

To start writing a reggae song, start by understanding its history and cultural roots. Listen to a variety of classic reggae tracks to get a feel for the rhythm and structure. Then start with a basic chord progression and focus on the short beats for your strumming or keyboard pattern. Write meaningful lyrics that resonate with reggae's themes of resistance, community, and positivity.

What instruments do I need to make reggae music?

Traditional reggae music heavily features drums, bass guitar, electric guitar, keyboards (especially organ), and vocals. Additional instruments that are sometimes used include brass instruments such as the saxophone, trumpet, and trombone, as well as auxiliary percussion instruments such as the bongo drum or cowbell. However, with modern technology, virtual instruments and software can also emulate many of these sounds.

Can I make reggae music if I'm not from Jamaica?

Yes, reggae music is a global genre, and although it originated in Jamaica, musicians from all over the world make reggae music. Respect for cultural roots and an understanding of history are important when making reggae music outside of its homeland

What makes reggae different from other genres?

Reggae is characterized by its relaxed rhythm, unusual guitar or piano chords, and a rich bass sound. It often includes social and political messages in the lyrics and has a unique vocal delivery that may include rhythmic speech called "DJing" or "toasting," which predates rap in hip-hop culture.

How do politics and social issues influence reggae music?

Politics and social issues are fundamental to the identity of reggae music. The genre emerged in the context of social unrest and served as a vehicle for disenfranchised communities in Jamaica to express their discontent with social inequality, economic hardship, and political corruption. Lyrics often reflect these themes, offering hope for change and a call to action.

Does a reggae song have a specific structure?

While reggae songs can vary in structure, many follow a traditional verse-chorus pattern, sometimes including a bridge or instrumental break. The structure can be flexible, and the instrumental groove is often as important to the development of the song as the lyrics and melody.

What are the subgenres of reggae?

Subgenres of reggae include roots reggae, dub, dancehall, rocksteady, and love rock. Each has its own musical characteristics and lyrical themes, but they all retain the core elements of reggae music.

Are vocal skills important in reggae music?

While strong singing ability can enhance reggae music, the genre is known for its distinctive vocal style, which often emphasizes feeling and authenticity over technical prowess. Emotion and delivery that match the mood of the song are just as important as conventional singing skills.

How can I bring my cultural background to reggae music?

You can bring your cultural background to reggae music by incorporating instruments, languages, and musical influences from your own culture while maintaining the fundamental rhythm and feel of reggae. This fusion can create a unique sound that can add richness to the genre.

Are there any legal issues to consider when creating reggae music?

As with any genre, be careful of copyright laws when creating reggae music, especially if you are using existing music or beats. Always check to see if you have permission to use samples, or choose free samples if available. If you are covering or remixing a song, you may need to obtain mechanical rights from the copyright holders.

How do Rastafarian beliefs relate to reggae music?

Rastafarian beliefs are closely intertwined with reggae music, often providing a spiritual and ideological underpinning for the lyrics and lifestyle of many reggae artists. Rastafarian themes include the spiritual use of cannabis, belief in the divinity of Haile Selassie, pan-Africanism, and the importance of Africa as a spiritual and ancestral homeland.

What role does improvisation play in reggae music?

Improvisation plays an important role, especially in live performances. Musicians often add spontaneous solos or vocal improvisations over established musical grooves, which can enhance the raw, natural feel of the music.

How can I experiment with the reggae sound?

Experiment with the reggae sound by mixing different subgenres or incorporating influences from other musical styles, such as jazz, blues, or hip-hop. Tuning instruments, playing with electronics, and changing up traditional tempos are all ways to give the reggae sound a creative twist. The key is to respect the essence of reggae while adding your own artistic expression.

Is it possible to make reggae music on a computer?

Yes, you can make reggae music on a computer using digital audio workstations (DAWs) and virtual instruments or samples. Many modern reggae producers and artists make extensive use of these tools to compose, record, and produce their music.

Conclusion

Reggae music is a genre that goes beyond just entertainment – it is a powerful way to express social issues, spread love and unity, and convey powerful messages. By understanding the roots of reggae and the unique elements that define its sound, you can create authentic and captivating music that resonates with listeners. In this comprehensive guide, we covered the various aspects of writing reggae music, including understanding its roots, mastering the rhythm and tempo, learning chord progressions, creating compelling lyrics, incorporating Jamaican patois and slang, using instrumentation and arrangement, creating melodic hooks and catchy choruses, and using dub techniques. As you go through your journey of writing reggae music, remember to stay true to yourself and the core values of the genre. Reggae is a platform for social change, cultural celebration, and positivity. Let your lyrics be a force for good, shining a light on important issues, spreading love, and inspiring unity. As you continue to explore and delve deeper into the world of reggae, take the time to listen to iconic reggae artists, learn their techniques, and immerse yourself in the reggae culture. Embrace the relaxed grooves, authentic lyrical expressions, and infectious melodies that define the genre. Above all, enjoy the process of creating reggae music. Let your creativity flow and experiment with different elements and techniques. Trust your instincts and create music that resonates deeply with your audience. Now, armed with the knowledge and ideas you’ve gained from this guide, go forth and create reggae music that touches hearts, uplifts the spirit, and contributes to the rich legacy of this influential genre. Let the rhythms and messages of your reggae compositions echo throughout the world, spreading love, unity, and positive change.

Getting into recording audio can be an expensive business. There's a lot of gear you'll need to get up and running and costs can quickly spiral out of control but it doesn't have to be this way. In fact, we'd wager it's much better to buy only what you absolutely need and work your way up from there, adding as you grow and evolve. One thing is certain however, if you want to start creating audio or content and spend wisely, you should start with one of the best budget audio interfaces. There's a humongous selection of audio interfaces available for home recording in 2024, and many of them are outstanding value for money. So how do you know which one is truly the best for you? Well here at MusicRadar we've reviewed more audio interfaces than you can shake a boom mic stand at, which puts us in the perfect position to recommend you the best possible bit of gear for your personal use case. All of the audio interfaces in our guides have been meticulously examined by our expert reviewers and used in actual musical or content scenarios, whether that's recording guitars and vocals or live streaming Call of Duty games. We test audio interfaces by pushing them to their limits, trialling their usability in a variety of scenarios, and thoroughly examining them for all their pros and cons. If you're new to phrases like 'headroom' and 'phantom power', then its worth checking out our buying advice section where we've answered loads of common questions for the curious or budget conscious. If you just want to see the best value audio interfaces available today, then keep scrolling for our top choices.

1. Audient iD4 MkII

Inputs: 1 x ¼” input, 1 x XLR input Outputs: 2 x 14” main out, 1 x ¼” headphone out, 1 x mini-jack out Compatibility: PC, Mac, iOS Max sample rate: 96kHz Max resolution: 24-bit Bundled software: Audient ARC software package It doesn’t seem like all that long ago that Audient launched its smallest ever audio interface, the iD4. There’s always room to improve things though, which is why the Audient iD4 MkII is interesting. Where the first iteration won fans on account of its rigid build, superb audio fidelity and simplicity, the MkII takes these characteristics and introduces faster USB transfer speeds and USB-C connectivity. There are some nice details included, like the extra headphone output and a smart scroll wheel which can be used to tweak settings in your software. And, speaking of which, the bundled ARC package contains plenty of plugins, effects and virtual instruments to get you up and running in no time. It might be a little pricier than other interfaces in this guide, but it's a pretty comprehensive package all round.

2. Behringer U-Phoria UMC22

Inputs: 1x combo, 1x inst Outputs: balanced TRS stereo pair, headphone Compatibility: Mac, PC (requires ASIO4ALL) Max sample rate: 48kHz Max resolution: 16-bit Bundled software: Traktion, UMC22 plugin bundle We’ve placed takeaway orders that have cost us more than what Behringer’s UMC22 retails for, so it’s hard to quibble with this one on price. You do, of course, get what you pay for to some extent, and there are a number of areas where the UMC22 lags behind its pricier rivals. For one thing, the max resolution here is 16-bit, which is still CD quality and will most likely be fine for most users, but is worth being aware of. The U-Phoria range doesn’t have its own designated driver either, and relies on the universal ASIO4ALL (although this is still a free download). Also, while build quality is in no way poor, we wouldn’t want to bet on the UMC22 outlasting the devices at the top of this list. All that being said, there are no outright deal-breakers amongst these downsides and at this price, if you need something cheap to get going with, you could certainly do a lot worse.

3. Universal Audio Volt 1

Connectivity: USB-C Audio resolution: 24-bit/192kHz Analogue inputs: 1 Analogue outputs: 2 Digital connectivity: None MIDI I/O: Yes Highlights: Marshall Plexi Classic Amplifier, Live 11 Lite, Melodyne Essential and Ampeg SVT-VR bass amp Universal Audio's Volt 1 is one of the entry-level interfaces in UA's Volt series. The Volt 1 is a plug-and-play USB-C interface that offers UA’s excellent preamps on a single combi input. They offer a great vintage tube sound on your inputs, giving recordings a richness rarely heard in this price range. We love the compact size of the Volt 1, which makes it great for fitting into tight spaces or packing into a backpack to record on the go. As you'd expect from UA it's got fantastic build quality too, so will stand the test of time despite being relatively cheap. The Volt is a radical departure for UA, offering an affordable taste of the brand’s key ingredients. They’re incompatible with plugins from the UAD store but they absolutely deserve to shake up the budget end of the interface market with a great design, a plug-and-play workflow, and hard-to-beat audio conversion.

4. Focusrite Scarlett 4th Gen Solo

Connectivity: USB-C Audio Resolution: 24-bit/192kHz Analogue inputs: 2 Analogue outputs: 2 Digital connectivity: None MIDI I/O: Yes, software bundle Focusrite audio interfaces are long-established and available in many shapes and sizes. The latest 4th generation devices are the Solo, 2i2 and 4i4, with the first two falling very much within our budget interface remit. The Solo includes 2 inputs (1 mic XLR and 1 line/instrument jack) and 2 outputs, and the 2i2 is also 2 I/O but with 2 mic preamps (2 XLR and 2 line/instrument connectors). The interfaces retain the same red metal casework and functional shape of the 3rd gen, although the sizes and layouts have been modified. There are technical improvements, with 120dB dynamic range, a new improved headphone amp, and a reworked Air mode, which adds presence to the higher frequencies of recordings. Although they look similar, the new Scarletts are slicker audio interfaces with better specs and more options. They show there’s always room for development, and the new features will help improve your productivity and recordings.

5. Presonus Studio 24c

Inputs: 2 x ¼”/XLR combi inputs Outputs: 2 x 1/4” main out, 1 x ¼” headphone out Compatibility: PC, Mac, iOS Max sample rate: 192kHz Max resolution: 24-bit Bundled software: Studio One Artist, Studio Magic Plug-in Suite There are audio interfaces that aim to support specific musical disciplines like, for example, guitarists (check out our best guitar audio interfaces guide for more of that). And then there are jack-of-all-trades, which try to do a bit of everything, from speech to music. The Presonus Studio 24c is firmly in the latter camp, offering exceptional quality regardless of what you’re trying to record or produce. We particularly like the included Universal Control software, which enables the interface to ‘loopback’ on itself virtually. This provides great flexibility for routing audio between different applications without requiring extra cables, making it ideal for streamers and musicians alike. Build quality is solid, and the MIDI connectivity to the back of the unit is a great touch.

6. Arturia Minifuse 1

Inputs: 1x combo Outputs: 2 x 1/4" TRS, headphone Compatibility: PC, Mac, iOS, Android Max sample rate: 192kHz Max resolution: 24-bit Bundled software: Ableton Live Lite, Analog Lab Intro, Auto-Tune (3-month subscription), GUITAR RIG 6 LE, Splice (3-month subscription) Mainly known for their legendary soft synths, Arturia's MiniFuse series represents a new foray into audio interfaces, and the MiniFuse 1 ticks two boxes by being both cheap and compact. The preamp quality is excellent, with an impressive dynamic range of up to 110dB giving you crystal-clear audio. A useful direct monitoring button lets you switch between computer audio and direct, whilst an LED output meter shows you how hot your signal is. It's got a Hi-Z switch for using electric guitars and other non line level instruments, and has phantom power for using condenser microphones. It's ruggedly built too, and combined with the small size it will easily put up with the rough and tumble of life on the road.

7. M-Audio M-Track Duo

M-audio M-Track Duo is one of the popular audio interfaces from M-Audio. This portable recording interface offers 48 kHz audio sampling resolution. It is easy to use and is perfect for indie composers who are not tech geeks. This USB-powered device is compatible with Mac, PC, or iOS devices, so you can use it anywhere. That is why I introduced it to you as a portable audio interface. Let's take a look at the features of this audio interface. M-audio M-Track Duo Features

• This is a two-channel USB recording interface compatible with both Mac and PC;
• You get 2 (amphibious) inputs with crystal clear sound quality and powerful preamps;
• You can turn on any microphone, instrument or line device using dedicated switches located under the inputs;
• +48V phantom power, suitable for condenser microphones;
• 1/4” stereo outputs and 1/4” headphone output;
• Independent level controls for headphone and stereo outputs;
• A USB/Direct Mono/Direct Stereo switch is provided for monitoring mic, line or instrument inputs in stereo or mono;
• This audio interface comes with this software – Pro Tools First, M-Audio Edition, MPC Beats, AIR Music Tech Xpand!2, Eleven Light guitar amp plug-ins and 20 Avid effects.

8. Behringer UMC22

The Behringer UMC22 is a 2X2 audio interface that supports up to 48 kHz. It is one of the cheapest audio interfaces in the world. The Behringer UMC22 features one professional Midas microphone preamp with a combination XLR/TRS input, allowing you to use both mic and line-level instruments from the same connection. The other input is a phono preamp that can be used to record guitar and synths. This audio interface is best suited for songwriters, indie music composers and performers. Behringer UMC22 Features

• This is a two-channel USB recording interface that supports both Mac and Windows PC;
• Combo input with MIDAS preamp technology ensures accurate audio recording when connecting any microphone or line-level equipment;
• The first input provides +48 V phantom power, allowing you to use condenser microphones;
• Separate instrument-level input for guitar and bass instruments;
• Headphone and stereo 1/4″ outputs.

9. IK Multimedia iRig 2

IK Multimedia iRig 2 is a compact guitar interface that allows you to record guitar anywhere, anytime. It is a very compact audio interface with one input and one output. You can connect this audio interface to anything from a mobile phone to an iPad. It is a dedicated guitar interface, so you will only have one input. IK Multimedia iRig 2 Features

• This is an improved version of the best-selling iRig interface;
• Features a 1/4” instrument input for use with guitar, bass, etc.;
• You will get a 1/4” amp output for connecting an external amp;
• 1/8” TRRS output for connecting to iPhone, iPad, iPod touch and Mac;
• 1/8” headphone output;
• Extremely compact and lightweight design;
• Input gain adjustment using the control wheel;
• Includes a Velcro mount for a mic stand;
• Includes AmpliTube FREE for iOS (free download from the App Store).

9. Lexicon Alpha

Lexicon Alpha is a compact yet professional audio interface. It features a USB I/O mixer with 2 inputs, 2 buses and 2 outputs, plus a high-impedance instrument input. You can use this USB audio interface anywhere with a laptop. You also get Cubase® LE 5 with the Lexicon Alpha audio interface. So there’s no need to buy a separate DAW. Lexicon Alpha features one microphone input and three line inputs. Lexicon Alpha Features

• This audio interface features separate mic and line input level controls, plus individual peak indicators for signal management;
• Monitor mix control knob for balancing the audio between the live input and playback mix level while recording. The output can be switched to stereo or mono;
• Headphone amplifier delivers powerful and ultra-clean sound that will drive any headphones;
• Line outputs with high-pass filtering and balanced TRS.

10. U-Control от Behringer

Lexicon Alpha is a compact yet professional audio interface. It features a USB I/O mixer with 2 inputs, 2 buses and 2 outputs, plus a high-impedance instrument input. You can use this USB audio interface anywhere with a laptop. You also get Cubase® LE 5 with the Lexicon Alpha audio interface. So there’s no need to buy a separate DAW. Lexicon Alpha features one microphone input and three line inputs. Lexicon Alpha Features

• This audio interface features separate mic and line input level controls, plus individual peak indicators for signal management;
• Monitor mix control knob for balancing the audio between the live input and playback mix level while recording. The output can be switched to stereo or mono;
• Headphone amplifier delivers powerful and ultra-clean sound that will drive any headphones;
• Line outputs with high-pass filtering and balanced TRS.

10. Shure X2U

The Shure X2U is an incredible audio interface that is designed specifically for microphones. It is a tiny audio interface with a built-in male XLR port on one side that connects directly to the microphone and a USB output port on the other side that connects to your computer. You can also connect a condenser microphone to this audio interface. It has 48V phantom power that powers the condenser microphone. You get 3 control wheels, namely mic gain, volume, monitoring and one switch to turn phantom power on and off. This is a 16-bit/48 kHz audio interface, so you will be a little disappointed if you want to record in HD 24-bit. The Shure X2U is compatible with Windows Vista, XP, 2000, 7, 8, 10 and Mac OS X (10.1 or later) and you can plug it in and use it without any software. Shure X2U Features

• It is a Plug and Play USB audio interface;
• The Shure X2U is compatible with Windows Vista, XP, 2000, 7, 8, 10 and Mac OS X (10.1 or later);
• It features a built-in preamp and independent mic input gain control;
• Zero-latency real-time playback monitoring;
• Separate headphone jack and monitor volume control;
• Monitor mix control function;
• 48V phantom power for using condenser microphones;
• Zippered carrying case and 3m USB cable.

11. Audient EVO 4 USB

The Audient Evo 4 is a 2in/2out audio interface with +48V phantom power. It supports multiple audio recording formats up to 24-bit/96kHz. It comes with all the software you need to start recording audio using your laptop. The mic preamp features world-class JFET Instrument Input technology, which provides more accurate audio recording for guitars and other instruments. The Audient Evo 4 is a USB 2.0 bus-powered audio interface, so you can use it with any laptop or computer anywhere without having to plug it into a power outlet. Audient Evo 4 USB Features

• 2 EVO mic preamps;
• World-class audio converters;
• Smart Gain technology lets you automatically configure channels;
• Smart touch points for intuitive and fast control;
• JFET Instrument Input;
• Speaker outputs;
• Separate headphone output;
• Compatible with Mac, Windows and iOS;
• Ultra-low latency monitor mix control;
• Monitor Panning;
• Audio Loopback function;
• USB2.0 bus powered;
• +48V phantom power;
• DAW-controlled mic preamps;
• Supports multiple formats up to 24-bit/96kHz;
• Lots of free software + plugins.

12. M-Audio AIR|HUB

M-Audio AIR Hub is a digital audio interface that will be useful for those who play digital instruments such as digital drum machines, synthesizers, etc. It also acts as a hub for multiple audio interfaces. This way, you can connect multiple audio interfaces to a single computer. M-Audio AIR HUB provides 24-bit/96 kHz resolution for a professional monitoring solution, which means you can record audio in HD quality. However, this is of no use for those who want to connect microphones and guitars to their audio interfaces. For this, you will need a separate audio interface or preamp. Main Features of M-Audio AIR HUB

• Supports true 24-bit/96 kHz resolution for professional monitoring;
• Supports true 24-bit/96 kHz resolution for professional monitoring;
• 3 USB ports for connecting any USB equipment;
• Ideal for the studio or stage if you are using USB-enabled equipment;
• Rugged metal housing provides extra durability;
• Supports both standard USB and USB-C cables.

13. Zoom U-22

The Zoom U-22 is a portable and mobile audio interface with 2-in/2-out functionality. Compatible with Windows laptops, iPhone/iPad. The Zoom U-22 audio interface records and plays back audio at 24-bit/96 kHz, which is better than most audio interfaces in the same price range. It is USB bus-powered, so it can be used with any device that has a USB connection, such as a laptop, iPhone, or iPad. The Zoom U-22 has one XLR/Phono amphibian input with 48V phantom power and Hi-Z support. The second input is 1/8″ phono. It has 1 headphone output and 2 RCA L/R outputs for connecting external monitors. Zoom U-22 Key Features

• Compatible with iPhone/iPad and Windows/Mac laptops;
• Extra 2 AA batteries and an AC adapter for external power;
• XLR/TRS Amphibian input with mic preamp;
• Resolution up to 24-bit/96 kHz;
• Free Ableton Live 9 Lite license;
• Hi-Z support;
• Direct zero-latency monitoring;
• RCA L/R and headphone outputs;
• Mic/instrument gain control;
• +48V phantom power.

14. Shure MOTIV MVi

If you are a guitarist and want to record your creations on your laptop, this audio interface is made for you. Shure MVi is a single-input audio interface that features one Amphibion XLR/TRS input with +48V phantom power. This means that you can use condenser microphones with this audio interface. Well, it is not useful for stereo instruments like synths and octapads. However, you can use it to record vocals and guitar. This compact audio interface is USB bus powered, so you can use it anywhere with a laptop without the need for an external power source. Shure MOTIV MVi Features

• It has 5 preset DSP modes (Flat, Acoustic Instrument, Loud, Speech, Singing) that adjust EQ, compression, and limiter settings;
• Touch control panel for adjusting gain, mute, and headphone volume;
• You can use this device with the ShurePlus MOTIV app with any Mac device. It is also compatible with Windows-based computers and laptops;
• Buffered JFET Class A instrument preamplifier delivers exceptional tone and clarity in recordings;
• XLR/TRS combo input;
• 48 Volt phantom power;
• 24-bit/192 kHz audio recording resolution.

Which audio interface is best for beginners?

There's no single answer here as it all depends on what your use case is. If you just want to record your guitar, then perhaps a single input interface will be best. If you're podcasting, then you'll probably want two inputs at the minimum. Audio interfaces by and large all do a similar job, and all of the interfaces in this guide will be suitable for beginners, but each is separated by a different use case to make it easier to choose.

How much should I pay for an audio interface?

Again this is all dependent on a case by case basis. Your budget should be personalized to your own needs, so if you want to record using a microphone we'd advise spending more on an interface with multiple inputs. If you're recording music 'in-the-box', then you can spend a bit more on an interface that will perform with lower latency. Of course if you're budget is super tight you may not have this choice and can only get the cheapest model available. All of the interfaces here are well below the $200/£200 mark, so well within the reach of the majority of musicians.

How many ins and outs do I need?

When you're looking at the most affordable audio interfaces, realistically you’re not going to find a decent interface with more than two inputs and two outputs. Unless you’re planning to spend more, the most you’re going to be able to record is two mono or one stereo input/s, and outputs will be limited to - at most - a stereo pair for studio monitors and a separate headphone output. For beginners, however, this is a decent set of parameters to work within. Recording more than two sources at once will require a more fully-featured interface, with a greater number of inputs, and would automatically move out of the budget department. What’s more important to consider is the type of ports offered. Audio interfaces will offer some variety of mic and instrument inputs, which operate at different levels and use different connection types to suit either a studio microphone lead or jack from an electric guitar, synth, drum machine, etc. The most useful variety are ‘combo’ inputs, which can accept either lead type and will usually have a control for switching between mic and instrument levels. If you’re planning on using a mic with your interface, it’s worth checking if you need ‘phantom power’ – this is the 48v signal sent by interfaces and required by some mics. DJs should also look out for RCA connectivity, which is used to hook up DJ mixers and turntables.

What about audio interface compatability?

Every model in this best budget audio interfaces guide can be used with both Mac and PC setups, and many can also be used with Apple’s mobile iOS devices too. You will see lots of interfaces described as ‘class compliant’ which essentially means they are plug-and-pay with iPhone and iPad. Some come complete with the appropriate ‘Lightning’ connectors, while others will need Apple’s USB-to-Lightning Camera Connection Kit adapter. It’s worth doing further research before committing to a specific model, however, as Apple has a habit of dropping some functionality when it upgrades its operating systems.

Do audio interfaces come with bundled software?

Like many types of studio hardware, audio interfaces often come packaged with a variety of software to sweeten the deal. At this price, particularly if you’re just getting started, it’s worth paying attention to these bundles. Offerings range from lukewarm packages of ‘LE’ (often limited, entry-level) versions of major applications to full versions of genuinely great synths and effects. Most interfaces, particularly at this level, will bundle in a digital audio workstation (DAW), which is the software used to actually record your music into so this is super helpful if you’ve not already committed to one platform. Cheaper audio interfaces might not boast particularly good audio and feature specs next to more expensive devices – their frequency range or sample rates might be limited, for example – but we'll still test how they perform against our reference interfaces. With cheaper interfaces we make allowances, knowing that they might not exhibit the sonic sparkle of higher-end interfaces – whether they do a decent job for minimal outlay. That said, you'll be surprised just how good some budget devices are as, over the last few years, audio interface technology has really moved on in terms of what you get for your money, so you can easily get a great-sounding interface for less than $/£100. Budget interfaces are also increasingly sold with free music software bundles, and at the lower price end you will often get tempting bundles aimed at beginners to music production – the thinking is that you get everything you need to make music from scratch out of the box. We test this software to see if it is full or, more often than not, just a cut-down version of a full software title, so not as great value as you might first think. However, the likes of IK Multimedia, Native Instruments, and Focusrite really do deliver exceptional software bundles, ripe for beginners and with very well spec'd interfaces for the outlay.

The I-IV-V progression, better known as the 12-bar blues progression, is one of the most common in American music. Any musician familiar with it can join in the improvisation at any time, having a clear understanding of the subsequent chords. The basic blues progression consists of three chords that are built on the I, IV and V degrees. For example, in E major they correspond to the notes E (I), A (IV) and B (V). Having studied this progression in E major, it can be transposed to any key without any problems for further performance. To quickly master the 12-bar blues progression, we suggest using a chord generator, which will help you study the main variations of this progression. If you've been playing guitar for even a few weeks, or have never played and just enjoy modern music, you've undoubtedly come across the term "I IV V Blues." I IV V Blues is one of the most commonly used chord forms and progressions in modern music, found in rock, blues, jazz, funk, soul, R&B, pop, and country, especially in songs written by or featuring guitarists. In today's lesson, we'll look at how to construct and recognize an I IV V blues melody, 10 songs that use this form, and then test your theoretical knowledge by doing some transposition exercises with this common musical form.

What is AI IV V Blues?

The I IV V blues is built on the same principle as the I IV V chord progression we looked at earlier in this series of lessons. But there are a few key differences we need to point out. First, there's the type of chords used in each of these progressions. Typically, you build I IV V chords in a key by taking the 1st, 4th, and 5th notes of the parent major scale and layering thirds on top of those to form chords. You can see an example of this here, where I've written the I IV and V chords of the C major scale, creating the chords Cmaj7, Fmaj7, and G7. But in the blues, the chords are a little different. What we're doing here is using the same basic notes, the 1st, 4th, and 5th of the parent major scale, which is C-F-G in a C blues, but each chord is a seventh, which is C7-F7-G7. Here's what those chords look like on paper. Also, the I IV V blues form is 12 bars long with a semi-strict chord order, at least for a basic blues progression, as you can see here. In this case, the I7 chord is in bars 1-4, 7-8, and 11-12. The IV7 chord is in bars 5-7 and 10, and the V7 chord is only in bar 9. Try playing this progression on guitar to get the sound of the form and the three seventh chords in your ears and under your fingers before checking out some of the famous blues tunes below.

I IV V Blues Songs

Here is a list of 10 classic songs that use the blues form. While some of these songs were written by earlier artists that you should also check out, I have included the titles of the most famous recordings and covers so you can check them out as well. Since the blues form and chord order varies with each artist, and sometimes even between covers of the same song, this list includes "pure" I IV V Blues songs as well as songs that use variations of the form to get you started.

1. Crossroads - Cream/Robert Johnson;
2. Dust My Broom - Elmore James;
3. Stormy Monday - T-Bone Walker;
4. Texas Flood - Stevie Ray Vaughan;
5. Sweet Home Chicago - Buddy Guy/Robert Johnson;
6. Red House - Jimi Hendrix;
7. I Can't Quit You Baby - Led Zeppelin/Otis Rush;
8. Boom Boom - John Lee Hooker;
9. CC Rider - Mitch Ryder/Ma Rainey;
10. Black Magic Woman - Fleetwood Mac.